The Goalpara district of Assam, situated along the southern bank of the Brahmaputra River, serves as a flashpoint for recurring hydrological disasters. This study investigates the causative factors, spatial extent and socio-economic ramifications of flooding in the region. Utilizing remote sensing data, GIS-based flood mapping and secondary socioeconomic records, this research analyzes the interplay between geomorphological instability, heavy monsoon precipitation and anthropogenic land-use changes. Findings indicate that the confluence of the Brahmaputra with its tributaries—specifically the Dudhnoi, Krishnai and Jinjiram—creates a complex drainage congestion that exacerbates flood intensity. The results suggest that while natural topography is a primary driver, unplanned urbanization and deforestation in the catchment areas have significantly increased vulnerability. This paper concludes by proposing integrated flood risk management strategies, emphasizing nature-based solutions and community-centric disaster preparedness.